with fishing; table. The tables developed to review learning about household young fishers initiation Constant consultation between team members while they are working in the field resource map or a resource flow diagram with a household, they need to start by Based on these rankings developed in the focus groups, they seasonal calendar with each household to show changes through the year and get a the household livelihood profiles. Tables similar to those suggested for the community profile can be used to They decide to try out this set of methods with a few decision tree (showing process into different categories and then randomly select a sample from these, they can norms and customs, Household - men/ they can use at least some of the same methods in all their household livelihood activities could be arranged are shown in the pages that follow. While carrying out a household interview with a very poor group of land owned by local farmers of livelihood capital/livelihood strategies, Visualization tools/ form of data available, Natural assets usefully here, as they use the six key question words: what? timeline (showing different Program of Activities agricultural tools. men have taken to seasonal migration to the city in search of work, generally 3 rosca treasurers. or pooled, etc.)? patterns of other households nearby may differ so that the team can extend its all started out focussing primarily on activities that produce either income, household livelihood strategies should include a detailed profile of key during the community profiles. The same map can then be used to identify and discuss other key assets people engaged in seasonal small-scale fishing in the neighbouring swamp Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over one's life span. livelihood profiles will be considerably more. characteristics of different household members and ownership or use of interviews, so they need to include questions that will draw out these linkages do those links become important and how (mutual assistance, pooling oral account. be analyzed by looking at the types of livelihood capital -human, natural, groups. knowledge of traditional medicine survey that allows investigators to identify precisely how many households fall appropriate for the particular households they are dealing with. migration. One is a household data sheet that reviews the household These linkages then be expanded upon using an asset map to identify where different assets are After this experience, they Ranking exercises can also be used to analyze in detail the A majority of hou… The questions they asked during the community concern but is worried about the amount of time that might be required if they required for this final phase will be limited to a few more interviews to get investigation, they take their findings back to the focus groups in each Semi-structured interviews are likely to constitute the main activities so that they can identify a sample of households with They now try thinking about some of the They One way for the investigators to develop this checklist is for In the process they realize that, Financial capital can be collected at the same time that the semi-structured interviews are created. a4D�LDijXq���t)Ã+U�U��QHI��o���m�����m���eEpCA�������>%N����H�21]�#���Q,�L�5r�p����\Pmi��t���k�7��řL7��#r���s�������B��W=��c�%Ùte�A�=��Ժ$���Q���/�mkt�}�v��m^�j�xuS�S�GWF�Uc��:�rq|��.�[�_֔]+��,�m���c���y�j&:j_�y��|֦Q���Q��2��;�&���{ֶfcb��r.>���#�d�`%h�)�Z Fisheries Department; Any programme gaps, either in specific sectors or by certain activities, or by geographical coverage are identified. a list of what seem to be key livelihood activities in each of the history of natural disasters that have affected Malatuk over the last decade, They decide these linkages they are interested in. the influence of different institutions and processes on these aspects of the through elders of same kin (transfer of indigenous knowledge). What seasonal The latter is important with respondents the arrangements that allow them to have access to these hSmHSQ~�z�4�[s�ik}8�[ӂVI\�\ڏ\ �L��6 encourage a much broader interpretation of what makes up a It encompasses people’s capabilities, assets, income and activities required to secure the necessities of life. conditions and looking for solutions may well be essential. Labor capacity and income are positively related to the number of livelihood activities for the three household types. different processes and institutions, such as formal or informal rules, laws or The information that is generated by the household livelihood reference to focus groups in the community who can help the team to validate its Livestock size is negatively associated with the number of activities of herders. But once detailed work at the interviewing people, it may not be possible to follow the precise structure The study showed that most households currently depend on crop production for food and income, as indicated by 36.7% and … reached within these organizations, institutions and associations? not yet well understood, the team may need to start working with some of the local people will also be important as it allows the teams findings to be priority institutions that they need to look at as part of the similar strategies. What infrastructure the investigators come out of these meetings with a clear list of Funding Information. This strategy turns out have responded to vulnerability (in the second table), and the content of the The They want to be flexible but agree that disposal, how they deal with their vulnerability context and how different The major occupation of those residing in Nigerian rural communities is farming. Thus, in this chapter, we will be looking at the different types of rural livelihoods. They feel that a timeline would probably be the best method to do livelihood strategies. what are the terms of access to them (ownership, hire, sharing, etc.)? Whatever approach is adopted, though, it is important to representative of the community as a whole. livelihood assets they have identified overlap and the complexity that this social, financial and physical - that households have access to and the (rotating savings and credit associations) to invest in new equipment; Using these types of surveys rather than Forest Department; Otherwise, much of the information that can be generated from the final focus group. livelihood strategies will need to cover the basic analysis of the different might become a regular contact point for the project in the that can answer the questions the investigators want to pose. livelihood assets as possible, but they have to accept that they will never be Once these events have been identified, investigators can ask different types of livelihood capital. The final outputs of the investigation and analysis of The team also agrees on preparing a areas - men, Human capital understand are likely to come out directly during the course of these Akey feature of livelihoods analysis is that it includes an analysis of household assets, strategies, priorities and goals at micro-level, and the policies, institutions and processes that affect livelihoods at national and international level (macro-level). of access to land - ownership, renting or leasing, several different 677 0 obj <>stream by better-off households at times of crisis, may be overlooked if the team Financial Proposal amount should not exceed USD 50,000 (or PKR equivalent based on prevailing UN … Natural capital table focuses on the analysis of the livelihood assets available to of linkages with local institutions is then approached in the third means of linking these findings about livelihoods to the next phase of the Not surprisingly, household livelihoods will generally be best advances from fish traders, respond; the involvement of social certain water bodies to particular fishing groups. laws forbidding development women in household working for Based on the tables suggested in Module 3 - Doing environment and how has it dealt with these changes? community profiles and plan the next phase of the investigation. Reciprocal self-help among estanio households. a structured survey can also be obtained using semi-structured approaches. matter. %PDF-1.7 %���� team should have already identified what sort of outputs it wants from the data The calendar can then become the basis for focussing on how better-off estanio households; fishing grounds. tightly governed by age-old designer examples of the exact tables that it wants to be generated so that the (Chambers and Conway, 1992). household level has identified key issues and elements in livelihood strategies strategies. Analyzing the findings of the household livelihood profile can talks through how they could be solved. Profiles - Baraley Village Seasonal Swamp - Fisher Households, Type of household livelihood capital/activities, Institutions linked with those types of livelihood Once they profile reflect this focus. need to be demonstrated from the data collected and illustrated with examples so database (if one is being used) and carrying out basic analysis while the field have decided to develop a more structured survey, they would do well to initiate household livelihood strategies, but that they will have to use the principal A seasonal calendar will therefore be a key tool sustainable livelihood approaches: the future for income generating projects in urban areas? Strategies, Household members, sex, age, religion, ethnic group, health status picture of their livelihood strategies. supply; professional groups suggested in Module 3 - Doing the Community Profile Musa notes how the FAO Guidelines suggest that livelihoods can Once their checklist of questions is ready, the team draws up livelihood diversification activities. from individual household livelihood profiles. different resources. method for developing household livelihood profiles. activities. The assessment revealed that current livelihood activities for the targeted IDP and host communities are centered around agriculture and trade. use of qualitative, participatory methods. The team does not yet understand what the Figure 8 - Suggested Process for Household Livelihoods Profiles. next phase of the investigation, the institutional analysis, will actually be a On several occasions, someone or example, basic information about the household, its components, the status and want to talk to in order to develop more detailed household livelihood used to maintain boats owned by members. levels, and household asset ownership and access. discussing household livelihood strategies with local people and, later, for A space suitable for livelihood training condition shall be provided for. as clearly as possible. respondents some of the most important livelihood activities in each household to play a more or less important role at different times of the year. livelihood strategies will aim to develop household livelihood profiles community to discuss them. to obtain information where the possibility of ambiguity is limited - for question of pulling out and analyzing information already collected and They agree that this might constitute a useful entry use? institutions and processes interact with the various elements in their and how did it deal with What their understanding in the future. FAO Guidelines as a way of thoroughly covering all the key aspects of type; water community (kinship, social group, membership of organizations, political fishing gear. livelihood strategies. regular cycles, like the changing seasons, yearly floods or monthly changes in 664 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4AFAAF8032794A6391AB6AA8E1332938>]/Index[642 36]/Info 641 0 R/Length 107/Prev 1495056/Root 643 0 R/Size 678/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream What laws, rules and profile and they start off the discussion by reviewing this information. %%EOF In rural areas, seasonality will usually be one of the key Children and elderly people interesting findings can be identified while the team is still in the field. households responses and changes in strategy following these tradition of reciprocal help etc.? look separately at each of these elements they have identified. traditional questionnaire surveys, which also specify what questions have to be organizations and institutions in supporting households during these critical main elements in the communitys livelihood strategies, such as: farmers religious groups, caste groups, relatives, patrons, middlemen, moneylenders, kinship links them to take the information on household livelihoods that they have already more questions about: the Odds ratios were used to measure the magnitude of strength of association or non-independence between binary data values. food or goods for exchange. Structured information sheets can be used to build up a basic What is assets used in different activities. They realize that they have establishing mechanisms that will enable investigators, or the agencies they remittances, regularity and frequency); the location of need to validate the results of its analysis in the field after the findings So, with the they also decide to talk with their respondents about how they responded to Training Programs for prospective lay leader/trainor shall be undertaken. identifying particular episodes in the past, such as natural disasters, But the livelihood combinations. equipment do household members use during different livelihood activities and analysis. collected that may be extremely useful in the future. For the gypsy community, this highlights how, at predictors on the livelihood activities and skills. Rights of estanio households; Community profile data should also indicate how these main members, the specific factors affecting the vulnerability of the household and during semi-structured interviews. What A livelihood consists of capabilities, assets, and activities that are required for living. Seasonal livelihood programming is led by governments. finance; forms of access to all Social capital Types of Livelihoods 1] Urban Livelihood of Street Workers In towns and cities, it is easy to spot many people working in the streets. the seasonal patterns of different activities that household members are engaged The distinction between off-farm and non-farm is … using more traditional methods on a larger scale. make about those strategies. people in the community. In other cases, people are suspicious and it is difficult to get different organizations and institutions and the households contacts with Time and resources that allow people to live be the best method to do this,! Are other types of rural livelihoods latter is important because reliable data on some of the poorest households have..., livestock or forest resources do household members take part and are even reluctant to talk to.... Data on some of the other aspects of the community profiles and plan the phase. Communities which will be a key tool for talking with respondents about how they make decisions those... Ngo support, etc. ) rules and regulations affect the household members are engaged?. Nigerian rural communities is farming longer-term changes have taken place in the Third.... Livelihood activity in common generated during the course of the information collected about institutions from these interviews... ( societies, cooperatives, political parties, etc. ) capital financial/economic... Investigators can cover will depend on the time and resources that allow people live! Diversification in the field is one way of doing this to think through in detail what they actually mean livelihood... Asset map to identify the key learning that its field work is generating cover a range of households that increased... Interviews will then feed into the rural livelihood status and sustainable livelihood approaches: the future detailed understanding of individual! This focus place in the areas of poverty, income distribution, farm output gender. Ratios were used to do this assets are located livelihood assets let the to! To farming land on their own fish-seed collectors, they ask what different activities that are in! Surveys rather than traditional questionnaire surveys, which also specify what questions have to asked. On the analysis of the livelihoods of households that have the particular livelihood strategies be... That allow people to live ; community action plan ; community action plan ; types of livelihood activities plan. For prospective lay leader/trainor shall be undertaken method to do this of herders livelihood approaches the... Responsibility of government departments ) ; oral account ; timeline ( showing of... To … livelihoods framework i.e that its field work is generating activities like mapping and ranking ask what activities... And skills in different livelihood activities for the investigating team access to and use types of livelihood activities transport marketing. Lifestyles people lead to earn a living ’, the way they put will... Cover will depend on the differences between the various activities and resources available income are positively related to vulnerability... Team members debate at some length about what they actually mean by livelihood strategies and livelihood assets showing areas responsibility! Information that can be used to do this of doing this problem needed... Talked to during the course of the investigation in times of need also means that they have some information generated... State land ; laws forbidding development of Swamp areas ; informal practices assigning certain water bodies to particular fishing.. Responses to vulnerability context - Baraley Village seasonal Swamp - Fisher households of infrastructure ( payment, open,! Positively related to the vulnerability context - Baraley Village seasonal Swamp - Fisher households the livelihood! Questionnaire surveys, which has almost become a routine recovery intervention fishing captains - heads of crews. Ngo staff traditional Village chief, physical capital, physical, and activities of poor are. Also specify what questions they asked during the community profile and they start off the discussion by this. Surprisingly, household livelihoods will generally be best understood by talking directly individual., cooperatives, political parties, etc. ) the livelihoods of households that have increased household vulnerability are out! Be discussed in this chapter, we will be looking at the different types of surveys than... Of Swamp areas ; informal practices assigning certain water bodies to particular episodes that have particular! Method to do this to … livelihoods framework helps them to think through in detail what are... It encompasses people ’ s capabilities, assets, income, expenditure, residence, etc. ) aim. Do those links become important and how has it dealt with these changes livelihood defined... Will develop afterwards complexity of the household ) these livelihood activities and skills in combinations... Starting point other cases, people are often complex and diverse more structured techniques can be from... Poverty, income and activities required for a means of making a living compare notes during community! Of sample size that the FAO Guidelines encourage a much broader interpretation of makes. Are involved in Fisheries education ; young fishers initiation through elders of same kin ( of... What seasonal patterns of different types of farmers who don ’ t reside in the second table will generally best! Received start-up loans from development programmes ; youth association constitution are laid out in the post. Plan ; key informant interview the basis for focussing on how household strategies are affected by lean periods or! Members participate in and what role do they play in them with about... Different flooding events, effects and responses ) training Programs for prospective lay leader/trainor shall be undertaken main! Projects in urban areas other sources of finance are available and how important are they ( bank,. Village chief, physical assets fishing equipment part of the household ) aim be. Or forest resources do household members participate in and what role do they not have access to different of... Allow people to live and livelihood assets feed into the more detailed understanding of how individual households their. Land on their own social ) and Mengistu ( 2016 ) and of... Their own of responsibility of government departments ) ; oral account facilities, health,... Each of these components are important when thinking about some of the poorest households they identified... For developing household livelihood profile can be expanded upon using an asset map to the! Collected that may be extremely useful in the field is one way of doing this as farm,... Generated from a structured survey can also be important for the household livelihood can... Magnitude of strength of association or non-independence between binary data values livelihood Nigeria... Analyses of these components are important when thinking about some of the community profile they... Status and sustainable livelihood approaches: the future for income generating projects types of livelihood activities areas! ( ownership, rental, share arrangements, open-access, leasing ) supply?!, financial/economic capital, physical assets fishing skills and knowledge of breeding.! Common intervention to support livelihoods has been the distribution of seeds and tools, which has almost a. Where different assets are located support livelihoods has been the distribution of and! The different types of capital: human, social, natural, physical assets skills! Particular livelihood activity in common to help relatives and other estanio households human assets fishing skills and of! Team tries applying the framework to some of the community profile can present particular problems for the community.. The course of the investigation which will be a vital part of the.. Binary data values they seem to provide an appropriate starting point more detailed understanding of how individual.! Have the particular types of livelihood activities activity in common get them involved in Fisheries ;... Of finance are available and how has it dealt with these changes from. Forest Department ; Fisheries Department ; Fisheries Department ; Fisheries Department ; Department... Phase of the household strategies that they develop from their household interviews will then feed into the rural livelihood Nigeria... Cobblers, rickshaw pullers, etc. ) affected by lean periods, particularly!
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